| Spectrophotometers |
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Spectrophotometry in high-precision using a spectrophotometer has been a routine work at the gemmological laboratories these days. There are various types of instrument covering from UV to visible, near infrared and infrared light today, and appropriate type is selected according to a gem variety or examination purpose. |
| UV-visible region |
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| UV-2450 and UV-2400 pc-vis recording spectrophotometer at room temperature (SHIMADZU) |
Measuring range between 200 and 900nm, and it can analyse a spectrum unique to a gemstone in UV to visible light region. It is effective to identify the colour origin of a colour diamond, colouring treatment in pearls or pearl oyster (for black lipped pearl for example), and to determine natural or synthetic origin of ruby, emerald or alexandrite. |
| Near-infrared region |
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| UV-3100pc-vis recording spectrophotometer at room temperature (SHIMADZU) |
Measuring range between 200 and 2700nm, which covers from UV to visible and near-infrared light region.
As it can measure spectra of water and organic substances that cannot be seen in visible light region, this instrument can distinguish organic gemstone and gemstones containing hydroxyl group or H2O from their simulants. It is also especially effective to detect stones impregnated with such as resin (jadeite for example). |
| Infrared region |
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IR Prestige-21 at room temperature (SHIMADZU)
FTIR-8300 at room temperature (SHIMADZU)
AIM-8800 Automatic Infrared Microscope (SHIMADZU) |
Measuring range between 1250and 25000nm, and no only normal intermediate-infrared light region but also near-infrared and infrared light region can be measured. These can mainly detect resin impregnation treatment, determine the type of a diamond and identify quartz varieties. They are also effective to identify gemstones having similar RI values. |
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| UV2400 |
UV3100 |
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| FTIR8300 |
IR Prestige-21,AIM-8800 |
| X-ray Fluorescence Analysis device |
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JSX-3200 energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (JEOL)
JSX-3600 energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (JEOL) |
When a substance is irradiated with X-ray, an element consisting the substance emits secondary X-ray that is unique to the element. By examining this secondary X-ray (fluorescent X-ray), the type and amount of the element compositing the substance can be detected. As a gemstone is composed of particular chemical elements, this compositional analysis is a highly effective method to identify gemstone species, natural or synthetic origin and pearl oyster. It is also effective to detect natural or synthetic origin by analysing trace elements. Standard analytical devices can detect elements whose atomic number is eleven (Na; sodium) or over, while these instruments can analyse elements whose atomic number is six (C; carbon) or over. The analysis is, of course, non-destructive. |
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| JSX3200 |
JSX3600 |
| X-ray radiography device |
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| X-ray transparency equipment type-C60 (Softex) |
This analytical device is to observe the different transparency of X-ray to each substance.
This is effective to identify diamond simulants and impregnation treatment, and to detect whether a pearl is nucleated or non-nucleated. |
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| Type-C60 |
X-ray radiography (nucleated pearl) |
| Differential Interference Microscope |
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| Differential interference microscope ECLIPSE-600 (Nikon). |
It is suitable to observe minute area with slight variation of thickness and RI as well as fine surface structure. Even further slight irregularity shows bright interference colour which can be observed as a 3D image.
It is useful to observe coating film on the gemstone surface or filling material. It can also obtain effective information on identification of KM treatment. |
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| Eclipse-600、Optiphoto |
Surface reaching cleavage was created during the internal laser drilling process. |
| Colorimeter |
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| Multi-colour analyzer c5940 for colour analysis of gemstone. |
It can analyse colours in various gemstones. This device is used to help objectively determining colour, which can especially assist colour grading for diamonds or determination of colour variety for colour stones as a secondary data. |
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| c5940 |
c5940 |
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